The Cisco IOS is no longer the only one possible for Cisco routers. The primary purpose of NVRAM is to store the configuration the IOS reads when the router boots. RAM is used for all the dirty jobs-mostly for handling buffers and tables. The IOS is stored in flash memory, as is the software the router uses to run. The rate at which a router can process packets depends heavily on the type of processor the router has.Ī Cisco router has four main types of memory:Ī router's bootstrap software is normally stored in ROM. A router’s processor performs the work required to process packets, maintains all of the tables necessary to route and bridge, and makes routing decisions. For example, the router's CPU that I'll use in my examples is a Motorola 68030. The CPU, or processor, varies by router series and model. A Cisco router, like a standard PC, has a central processing unit (CPU). It includes numerous components that work on top of other components manufactured by Cisco, and it offers various features for supervising and administrating.įirst, let’s look at the hardware aspect of Cisco routers. The Cisco IOS is the solutions set, provided as a complex software kit to the end user. To figure this out, you have to start from the very beginning, i.e., Cisco's IOS. You are about to discover how network engineers manage to get all their computers talking to each other using Cisco routers, how your access servers let users log on to your network, and so on. I'm going to start my series of Daily Drill Downs on the Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) from the very beginning.
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